Nā ʻano kānana like ʻole a me nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi

Nā ʻano kānana like ʻole a me nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi

Ma ke kumu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kānana optical i kekahi mau ʻano, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau ʻano o nā kānana optical ma lalo nei.

1. Ke kānana absorption: Hana ʻia ka kānana absorption ma ka hui ʻana i nā mea pena kūikawā i loko o ka resin a i ʻole nā ​​mea aniani.E like me ka hiki ke komo i ka malamalama o nā nalu like ʻole, hiki iā ia ke pāʻani i ke ʻano o ka kānana.ʻO nā kānana aniani kala ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka mākeke.ʻO kāna mau mea maikaʻi he kūpaʻa, ʻaʻahu, maikaʻi ka beam maikaʻi, a me nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā loaʻa iā ia ka hemahema o ka passband nui, ʻaʻole i emi iki ma mua o 30nm.

2. Hoʻopili ke kānana: Hoʻohana ka kānana interference i ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana i ka vacuum, a ua uhi ʻia kahi papa o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni me kahi mānoanoa kikoʻī ma ka ʻili o ke aniani.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hana ʻia kahi ʻāpana aniani i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni multi-layer, a hoʻohana ʻia ke kumu o ka interference no ka hoʻokō ʻana.Nui nā ʻano kānana hoʻopilikia, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi kā lākou mau kahua noi.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo nā kānana interference i hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo nā kānana bandpass, nā kānana ʻoki ʻoki, a me nā kānana dichroic.

(1) Hiki i nā kānana Bandpass ke hoʻouna wale i nā kukui o kahi hawewe kikoʻī a i ʻole ke kāʻei haiki, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hele aku ke kukui ma waho o ka passband.ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o nā kānana bandpass: ka lōʻihi nalu waena (CWL), ka hapalua bandwidth (FWHM), a me ka transmittance (T%).E like me ka nui o ka bandwidth, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā kānana liʻiliʻi me ka bandwidth o lalo o 30nm;nā kānana broadband me ka bandwidth oi aku ma mua o 60nm.

(2) Hiki i ke kānana ʻoki ʻoki (Cut-off filter) ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka spectrum i ʻelua mau ʻāpana.ʻAʻole hiki i ke kukui ma kekahi māhele ke hele i kēia māhele, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻokiʻoki, ʻoiai ʻo ka mālamalama o ka ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hele piha i loko o ia wahi, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pass-band region.ʻO nā kānana ʻokiʻoki maʻamau he mau kānana holo lōʻihi a me nā kānana pōkole pōkole.ʻO kāna kānana hele hawewe lōʻihi: e pili ana i kahi laulā hawewe kikoʻī, hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻaoʻao hawewe lōʻihi, a ʻoki ʻia ke ala hawewe pōkole, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka nalu pōkole.ʻO ke kānana hele hawewe pōkole: ʻO ke kānana hele hawewe pōkole e pili ana i kahi laulā hawewe kikoʻī, hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻaoʻao hawewe pōkole, a ʻoki ʻia ke ala hawewe lōʻihi, ʻo ia ke kuleana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka nalu lōʻihi.

(3) Hiki i ke kānana Dichroic (Dichroic kānana) ke koho i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā kala e makemake e hele i ka mālamalama e like me nā pono, a hōʻike i nā kala ʻē aʻe.Aia kekahi mau ʻano kānana ʻē aʻe: Neutral Density Filters (Neutral Density Filters), i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni attenuation, hoʻohana ʻia e pale i nā kumu kukui ikaika mai ka hōʻino ʻana i ka mea ʻike o ke kāmela a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻike maka, a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a hōʻike i ke kukui ʻaʻole i komo. .ʻO ka ʻāpana o ke kukui i hoʻouna ʻia e hōʻemi like i ka transmittance ma kekahi ʻāpana o ka spectrum.

ʻO ka hana nui o nā kānana Fluorescence ʻo ia ke hoʻokaʻawale a koho i ke ʻano o ka band spectra o ke kukui hoʻoulu a hoʻokuʻu i ka fluorescence o nā mea i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana o ka fluorescence biomedical.He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hana biomedical a me ka ʻepekema ola.

ʻO nā kānana Astronomy kahi ʻano kānana i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻemi i ka mana o ka pollution māmā i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi i ka wā o ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi astronomical.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kānana neutral density i ka absorptive a me ka reflective.Hoʻohana ka reflective neutral density filter i ke kumu o ka hoʻopili kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni e hoʻouna i kahi ʻāpana o ke kukui a hōʻike i ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kukui (ʻaʻole maʻamau e hoʻohana hou i kēia mau kukui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia), ua maʻalahi kēia mau kukui i ʻike ʻia e hana i ke kukui hele a hoʻemi i ka pololei hoʻokolohua. , No laila, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻohana i ka ʻohi kukui ABC series e hōʻiliʻili i ke kukui i ʻike ʻia.ʻO nā kānana hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūʻokoʻa absorptive e pili ana i ka mea ponoʻī a i ʻole ma hope o ka hui ʻana o kekahi mau mea i loko o ka mea, e hoʻomoʻa i kekahi mau hawewe kikoʻī o ka mālamalama, akā ʻaʻohe hopena a liʻiliʻi paha i nā lōʻihi nalu o ka mālamalama.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka paepae pōʻino o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kānana neʻe ʻole, a ma hope o ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana, aia paha ka hana wela, no laila e mālama pono i ka wā e hoʻohana ai.

Nā mea kiko'ī no nā kānana Optical

Passband: Ua kapa ʻia ka laulā o nā lōʻihi nalu e hele ai ke kukui i ka passband.

Bandwidth (FWHM): ʻO ka Bandwidth he laulā hawewe i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka spectrum e hele ana ma ka kānana ma o ka ikehu hanana, i hōʻike ʻia e ka laulā ma ka hapalua o ka transmittance nui, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hapalua laula, ma ka nm.No ka laʻana: ʻo ka peak transmittance o ka kānana he 80%, a laila ʻo 1/2 ka 40%, a ʻo ka hawewe hema a me ka ʻākau e pili ana i 40% ʻo 700nm a me 750nm, a ʻo ka hapalua bandwidth he 50nm.ʻO ka poʻe me ka hapa-ākea ma lalo o 20nm, ua kapa ʻia ʻo nā kānana haiki, a ʻo ka poʻe me ka hapa-ākea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20nm, ua kapa ʻia nā kānana band-pass a i ʻole nā ​​kānana ākea ākea.

Ka lōʻihi nalu waena (CWL): E pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe lele o kahi bandpass a i ʻole kānana narrowband, a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka nalu hoʻohālikelike o kahi kānana bandstop, ka waena waena ma waena o ka 1/2 ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka bandwidth Ka waena waena o kapa ʻia ka lōʻihi nalu waena.

Ka lawe ʻana (T): E pili ana i ka hiki ke hele o ka pūʻali i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pākēneka, no ka laʻana: ka kānana peak transmittance (Tp) > 80%, e pili ana i ka mālamalama e hiki ke hele i ka kānana ma hope o ka attenuation.Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai ma luna o 80%, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka transmittance, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hiki ke hoʻouna māmā.ʻOki ʻoki ʻia: Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hōʻike i ka wā nalu o ka ʻāpana spectral ikehu i nalowale e ka kānana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka laulā hawewe ma waho o ka passband.ʻOki ʻoki ʻia (Block): ʻO ka transmittance e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu ma ke ʻano ʻoki ʻia, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻO ka hohonu ʻoki ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i ke degere ʻoki ʻia o ka kānana.ʻAʻole hiki i ka transmittance māmā ke hiki i ka 0. Ma ka hana wale ʻana i ka transmittance o ka kānana kokoke i ka zero hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ka spectrum makemake ʻole.Hiki ke ana ʻia ka ʻoki ʻoki e ka transmittance, a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e ka optical density (OD).ʻO ka pilina hoʻololi ma waena o ia a me ka transmittance (T) penei: OD=log10(1/T) Ka laula o ka pana hoʻololi: e like me ke kānana He ʻokoʻa ka hohonu o ka ʻoki ʻia, a ʻae ʻia ka laulā ākea nui ma waena o ka kānana i ʻoki ʻia- ka hohonu a me ke kūlana 1/2 o ka piko transmittance.ʻO ke kāʻei ʻaoʻao: ʻo ia hoʻi [(λT80-λT10)/λT10] *

Hōʻike kiʻekiʻe (HR): Hōʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o ka mālamalama e hele ana i ka kānana.

ʻO ka transmittance kiʻekiʻe (HT): He kiʻekiʻe ka transmittance, a he liʻiliʻi loa ka nalowale o ka ikehu o ke kukui e hele ana ma ke kānana.ʻO ke kihi o ka hopena: ʻO ke kihi ma waena o ka mālamalama hanana a me ka maʻamau o ka ʻili kānana i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kihi o ka hanana.Ke kū pololei ka mālamalama, ʻo 0° ka huina o ka ulu ʻana.

Aperture maikaʻi: ʻO ka ʻāpana kino i hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia i nā polokalamu optical ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka puka kūpono, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau e like me ka nui o ka hiʻohiʻona o ka kānana, concentric, a liʻiliʻi iki i ka nui.Hoʻomaka ka nalu nalu: ʻO ka lōʻihi hawewe hoʻomaka e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka transmittance i 1/2 o ka piko i loko o ka kānana hele hawewe lōʻihi, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ʻo 5% a i ʻole 10% o ka piko i ka band- pass filter Ka lōʻihi nalu e pili ana i ka transmittance.

ʻOkiʻi ka nalu nalu: ʻO ka nalu ʻoki ʻoki e pili ana i ka lōʻihi hawewe e pili ana i ka wā i hoʻemi ʻia ai ka transmittance i loko o ka kānana holo hawewe pōkole i ka 1/2 o ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe.I loko o ka kānana band-pass, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia i kekahi manawa he 5% a i ʻole 10%.ʻO ka lōʻihi nalu e pili ana i ka helu hele.

Nā kikoʻī o ka ʻili a me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana o nā kānana maikaʻi o ka ʻili

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o ka kānana ka nui o nā hemahema e like me nā ʻōpala a me nā lua ma ka ʻili.ʻO nā kikoʻī maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili he mau ʻōpala a me nā lua i kuhikuhi ʻia e MIL-PRF-13830B.Ua helu ʻia ka inoa o nā lua ma ka puʻunaue ʻana i ke anawaena lua i loko o nā microns me 10, ʻo ka maʻamau e kapa ʻia ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī o ka lua maʻamau ma waena o 80 a 50;ka maikaʻi ma waena o 60 a 40;a ʻo ka laulā o 20 a hiki i ka 10 e manaʻo ʻia ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe.

ʻAno o ka ʻili: ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili ke ana o ka pololei o ka ʻili.Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ana i ka ʻae ʻana o nā mokulele e like me nā aniani, nā puka makani, nā prisms a i ʻole nā ​​aniani pālahalaha.ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka maʻemaʻe e ana ʻia e ka corrugation value (λ), ʻo ia Ua haku ʻia me nā kumu hoʻāʻo me nā lōʻihi hawewe he nui, hoʻokahi kaha kaha i ka 1/2 ka lōʻihi hawewe, a ʻo ka laulima ʻo 1λ, e hōʻike ana i ka pae kūlana maʻamau;ʻo λ/4 ka maʻalahi, e hōʻike ana i ka pae maikaʻi;ʻo λ/20 ka laumania, e hōʻike ana i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻomanawanui: ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui o ka kānana ka mea nui ma ka nalu waena a me ka hapa-bandwidth, no laila ua hōʻike ʻia ka pae hoʻomanawanui o ka huahana kānana.

Ka hoʻomanawanui anawaena: Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻole nui ka mana o ka hoʻomanawanui o ke anawaena kānana i ka wā e hoʻohana ai, akā inā e kau ʻia ka mea optical ma luna o ka mea paʻa, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ke anawaena.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, kapa ʻia ka ʻae ʻana o ke anawaena i (± 0.1 mm) i ka maikaʻi maʻamau, (± 0.05 mm) i kapa ʻia ʻo ka precision quality, a (± 0.01 mm) ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka mānoanoa waena: ʻO ka mānoanoa waena ka mānoanoa o ka ʻāpana waena o ka kānana.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, kapa ʻia ka ʻae ʻana o ka mānoanoa waena (± 0.2mm) ka maikaʻi maʻamau, (± 0.05mm) i kapa ʻia ʻo ka precision quality, a (± 0.01mm) ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe.